5g有哪些调制方式

5g有哪些调制方式

调制是将信源产生的信号转换为适应于无线传输的形式的过程,是无线通信业务的一个重要流程。

在无线通信中,信号是以电磁波的形式发送到接收端,那么电磁波是如何传递信息的呢?

电磁波可以用正弦波来描述,一个正弦波有3大特征,幅度,相位,频率。可以利用电磁波的这3大特征来传递信息。

所以这里的调制就是用基带信号去控制载波信号的幅度,频率,相位这几个参量的变化,将信息荷载在到载波上形成已调信号。因此,在数字信号调制中有三种最基本的调制方式:

– 调幅(ASK):载波幅度是随着调制信号而变化的。

– 调频(FSK):用数字信号去调制载波的频率。

– 调相(PSK):根据数字基带信号的两个电平使载波相位在两个不同的数值之间切换的一种相位调制方法。

对于其他各种调制方法其实都是以上方法的改进或组合,例如:

– 正交振幅调制QAM就是一种幅度、相位联合调制的技术,同时使用载波的幅度和相位来传递信息比特,将一个比特映射为具有实部和虚部的矢量,然后调制到时域上正交的两个载波上,然后进行传输。每次在载波上利用幅度和相位表示的比特位越多,则其传输的效率越高。通常有4QAM,16QAM,64QAM,256QAM等。

– MSK是FSK的改进,GMSK又是MSK的一种改进,是在MSK(最小频移键控)调制器之前插入了高斯低通预调制滤波器,从而可以提高频谱利用率和通信质量;

– OFDM是采用正交频分复用技术对多载波的一种调制方法, 将信道分成若干正交子信道,将高速数据信号转换成并行的低速子数据流,调制到在每个子信道上进行传输。

我们知道在GSM采用GSMK信号调制技术;3G、4G系统采用QAM、QPSK调制技术;那么5G采用什么调制技术,较之前的调制技术有哪些变化?

从图上可以看出,5G支持的调制更加丰富,主要有载波的相位变化,幅度不变化π/2-BPSK和QPSK的PSK调制方式,还有载波的相位和幅度都变化的16QAM, 64QAM和256QAM等QAM调制方式。

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